Tumours of the Kidneys

These are rare, and may be either benign or malignant. Benign tumours include fibrous, lipomatous (fatty), and naevoid growths. Malignant growths may be primary or secondary and consist of various types, but fortunately none is very common.

Benign Types.

An adenoma or papilloma may develop; the latter usually grows in the renal pelvis, and may later become malignant.

These growths give rise to obstruction, pain, blood in the urine, and sometimes hydronephrosis, or stone. Occasionally seedling growths arise in the ureter or bladder.

Malignant Growths.

Cancer and sarcoma are malignant tumours which are sometimes seen, the latter occurring in children under five years, and being rapid in growth.

Symptoms.

Blood in the urine is a common symptom except in sarcoma of children; the bleeding is painless and irregular, but renal colic may be felt if the blood forms clots in the ureter.

Pain is felt when the growth extends out-side the capsule of the kidney; at first there is a dull aching in the loins, but later the pain becomes more widespread.

In children a swelling may be felt, but is less easily detected in adults. Pressure by the growth on the spermatic vein may cause a varicocele, which aids the diagnosis. Cystoscopy and X-ray examination must be carried out in suspected cases, and removal of the kidney may be undertaken if secondary growths have not developed. Radiotherapy may be advised as well.

Cysts in the kidney also occur; these may be simple or infected, and either single or multiple, and are occasionally due to parasites. Abscesses may form. which may be tuberculous or pyaemic in origin, or may be due to suppuration within a cyst. The treatment in such cases is surgical.

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• Disease and Treatment