Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an endemic tick-borne viral disease whose wide geographical distribution includes the cold, arid regions of Pakistan. The virus replicates in its natural hosts, which include goats, sheep, cattle and camels. High levels of viremia in the hosts accounts for an epidemiologically significant proportion of the tick vector (from the hyalomma genus) being infective. Transovarial and transtadial transmission does occur in the vector as does transmission from the body fluid contact of infected animals and humans. Within endemic regions, up to 20% of sheep at any given time may have evidence of past infection. In such high prevalence areas, transmission may be spatially focal or temporally sporadic.

A set of villages may have a large proportion of their livestock infected while another group of nearby villages may have very low rates of infection. Humans are dead-end hosts, since viremia in humans, unlike the domesticated animals, causes an acute febrile illness, dramatic drops in platelet and white blood cell counts and markedly raises the liver enzyme aspartate transaminase (AST). The infected human begins to hemorrhage due to impaired hemostasis, leading to eventual death. Human to human transmission occurs through the introduction of body fluids, particularly blood. Invasive procedures (specially those involving surgery) provide a very effective route of human to human transmission. The death of a surgeon or physician is lamentable anywhere, but in areas such as northern Balochistan it at times translates into the termination of medical care for large populations.

Similar of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)

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• Disease and Treatment